Over the last few days we have been slowly progressing
through sediments containing cobbles and boulders. The team looking at small
fragments of rock cuttings have done a great job in being able to tell us that
we are definitely not in bedrock yet.
A couple of days ago, we became frustrated by our slow
progress and removed (tripped out) our drill string from the borehole, to put a
sharper bit and heavier drill string back in. During this process, the mud in
the hole became diluted with water from the bottom (the hole has 12” steel
casing around it), and the well started to flow (artesian).
By the time the new drill string was in the hole we were
producing hot water at 5 litres/second and 43°C. This was a great opportunity
for the fluid and gas chemists, and for those of us who are interested in the
thermal and fluid state of the fault.
Warm water at dawn 10/10/14. (photo D. Prior)
The flow was controlled by injection of new drilling mud and
drilling recommenced, but it continued to be difficult to advance the casing.
We are now at 236.6 m depth. A decision was made yesterday to start
installation of a new 10” steel casing string. The basic idea is that each
slightly-smaller casing is nested inside and protected by the previous one. We
have to make progress through this difficult-to-drill zone, and this is our
only option.
We are making slow but steady progress. The chemistry and
gases of the hydrothermal fluids seem similar to those of nearby hot springs in
bedrock, and the high fluid flow rates suggest a quite different hydrology to the
silty sediments that we were drilling through up until now. We think it likely
that we are close to a contact between sediments and bedrock.
Meanwhile, the ICDP training course in Franz Josef Glacier
has ended and participants have returned to Whataroa to help on-site. Our
scientific facilities are almost all fully completed and providing a
comfortable and efficient workspace.
Geophysical tool assembly 8/10/14 (photo J. Townend)
Events of the last few days again confirm that
scientific investigations can produce interesting and unexpected results — the
power output of our geothermal production was about 0.7 megawatts.
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ReplyDeleteThe history of geothermal drilling rigs dates back to the early 19th century when the first cable tool rigs were introduced. These rigs relied on a simple yet effective method of repeatedly dropping a heavy bit into the ground to crush the rock and create a borehole. While these rigs were groundbreaking at the time, they were slow, labour-intensive, and limited in their capabilities.
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